Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 11

Phosphorus is essential for physiological processes including energy storage and transfer, respiration, photosynthesis, cell division, and cell enlargement. Nitrogen and phosphorus levels can significantly affect agronomic traits such as grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and root biomass. A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive winter seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) at three sites in the New Halfa Scheme representing the Asobri, Kashm El Girba, and Sabaat soil series. Three nitrogen levels (0, 43, and 86 kg N ha⁻¹) and three phosphorus levels (0, 40, and 80 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) were evaluated for their effects on the yield of the wheat cultivar Debera. The experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications at each location in both seasons. The measured traits were spike length, number of grains per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and harvest index. Data were analysed by analysis of variance using STATISTICS 9, and treatment means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% probability level. Increasing nitrogen or phosphorus levels and their interaction improved yield attributes. The highest grain yields at Shebiak and the Faculty Research Farm were 3363.5 and 2609.9 kg ha⁻¹, respectively, under 2N2P, whereas 2N1P produced the highest grain yield at Hajer (2290.6 kg ha⁻¹). Grain yield differed among soil types. Overall, applying a high nitrogen level together with phosphorus enhanced wheat production in the New Halfa Scheme.