Sustainable Water Resource Management: Issues, Challenges & Solutions

Takmu Lake, a critical aquatic ecosystem, supports a diverse array of macrophyte species and plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and water quality. This study investigates the qualitative and quantitative distribution of macrophytes, their ecological significance, and the physico-chemical parameters of the lake water across three seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon. The study found twenty-two (22) macrophyte species belonging to fifteen (15) families distributed in the lake during the study period from April to November 2024. The findings reveal significant seasonal variations in macrophyte distribution, driven by environmental factors such as water levels, nutrient availability, light penetration, and temperature. Key species like Paspalum notatum, Zizania latifolia, and Hydrilla verticillata demonstrate adaptability to these changing conditions, contributing to the lake’s structural and functional diversity. Results showed that water temperature ranged from 15.5°C to 23.5°C, pH ranged from 7.1 to 7.4, and electrical conductivity varied from 130.3 to 163.5µS/cm. Dissolved oxygen levels fluctuated between 2.33 and 5.07 mg/L, free carbon dioxide and total alkalinity were found to exceed acceptable limits during certain seasons, especially before the monsoon. The concentrations of calcium, nitrate, phosphate, and other ions were generally within safe ranges. However, issues such as low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and elevated alkalinity and CO₂ concentrations before the monsoon indicate potential water quality concerns that require continuous monitoring and appropriate intervention. The study reveals that while Takmu Lake generally maintains good water quality, seasonal variations highlight the need for targeted interventions to address low dissolved oxygen levels, manage seasonal fluctuations in alkalinity and CO₂, and reduce contamination from external sources. Effective management strategies, such as the installation of a water treatment facility and protective barriers, are essential to safeguard the lake’s ecological balance and ensure consistent water quality for both local communities and biodiversity conservation.