Assessment of β2-Microglobulin, Interleukin-17, Endostatin, and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Kirkuk, Iraq
Zina Abdulmunem Abdulrazaaq *
Department of Biology, College of Education for Women, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease is the most common disease in developed countries of the world and thus poses a major challenge to public health throughout the world.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of β2-microglobulin, IL-17, endostatin, and some biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, uric acid, and ferritin) in patients with chronic kidney disease and compare them with those of healthy individuals to investigate their association with renal dysfunction.
Method: A total of 55 blood samples were collected from patients with CKD aged 40–75 years during the period from 1/6/2024 to 25/10/2024 from Kirkuk General Hospital and outpatient clinics in Kirkuk, Iraq. In addition, 30 blood samples were collected from healthy people as a control group. 5 ml of blood sample was collected from patients and healthy people and separated using a centrifuge to obtain the serum, after which the level of the studied variables, represented by β2-microglobulin, Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Endostatin, and some biochemical variables, which included (Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, Ferritin). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Result: The results showed a highly significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in serum β2-MG, IL-17, endostatin, ferritin, urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels in CKD patients compared with healthy controls. The mean serum levels of β2-MG were 6.32 ± 1.76 ng/mL in patients versus 2.55 ± 0.876 ng/mL in controls, while IL-17 levels were 30.54 ± 5.21 pg/mL in patients compared with 6.87 ± 1.43 pg/mL in controls. Endostatin levels also increased markedly in CKD patients (570 ± 110.67 pg/mL) compared with healthy subjects (250.54 ± 60.67 pg/mL).
Conclusion: The elevated levels of these biomarkers in CKD patients indicate their close association with impaired renal function and suggest their potential usefulness as indicators for monitoring chronic kidney disease progression. Further studies are recommended to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic significance in CKD.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, β2-microglobulin, IL-17, endostatin