Medical Research: Emerging Concepts and Applications Vol. 5

Dental implant maintenance is essential for preserving peri-implant tissue health and supporting the long-term success of implant therapy. This review summarises recent advances in the prevention, diagnosis, maintenance, and treatment of peri-implant diseases, with particular emphasis on peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. It examines recognised patient-, implant-, prosthesis-, and maintenance-related risk factors and highlights the importance of individualised supportive peri-implant care based on each patient’s risk profile. Current approaches to clinical and radiographic monitoring are considered alongside professional biofilm-control strategies and developments in maintenance instrumentation, including implant-compatible ultrasonic devices and air-polishing systems using glycine or erythritol powders. Home-care measures, including toothbrushing, interproximal cleaning, flossing, oral irrigation, and patient education, are also addressed. For peri-implant mucositis, mechanical biofilm removal combined with improved oral hygiene remains central to management. For peri-implantitis, non-surgical treatment is generally the initial approach, while persistent or advanced lesions may require resective or reconstructive surgery. The review also discusses the European Federation of Periodontology clinical practice guideline and emerging research involving peri-implant biomarkers, microbiome assessment, and artificial intelligence-assisted radiographic analysis. Particular attention is given to prosthetic access for hygiene and avoidance of plaque-retentive restorative factors. Overall, prevention, early diagnosis, regular monitoring, effective biofilm control, and risk-based maintenance are presented as the principal components of contemporary peri-implant disease management.