Inclusive Transit Design: Ergonomics, Experience and Equity in Public Transport Interiors

The increasing trend towards urbanisation and dependence on public transport has greatly increased the demand for high-quality metro interior elements that are safe, durable, hygienic, and aesthetically acceptable. Materials used in such spaces should combine durability with passenger comfort. These interiors are frequently exposed to high levels of wear, vandalism-related damage, hygiene challenges, and fire-resistance requirements. Balancing longevity, visual quality, and passenger comfort when selecting suitable materials is therefore a complex task. This research paper explores the use of innovative materials for walls, flooring, and seating in metro interiors. It attempts to address the balance between longevity, aesthetics, and passenger safety. To achieve this aim, the study used a literature review, observations, and a survey with responses from twelve participants. The fire resistance, flexibility, and resistance to vandalism of the assessed materials were considered. Their comfort and hygienic properties were also analysed. The findings indicate a preference for simple non-slip rubber and textured plastic flooring. Participants also preferred modular padded seating and wall finishes with a natural feel. Greater passenger confidence was associated with visible fire-safety markings on surfaces, whereas visible damage and wear negatively affected perceptions of safety and cleanliness. Material innovation was associated with higher user satisfaction but presented additional challenges within the transit environment. Intelligent, modular, and sustainable materials can enhance aesthetic qualities while remaining functional. This work is relevant to designers and transit agencies because it identifies resilient, hygienic, and aesthetically suitable materials for transit environments. Future research should focus on cost-efficient, intelligent, and modular material systems. Although investment in subway systems has increased, limited research has examined the impact of innovative materials on safety, maintenance, durability, and passenger experience. This work addresses this gap through surveys, observations, and a review of existing literature on flooring, seating, and wall materials.