Monitoring and Control of Induction Motor in Electric Vehicle Using IoT
G. Mahalakshmi *
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In electric vehicles, IoT technology is crucial for monitoring and controlling the induction motors that power the vehicle. As in industrial applications, the motor's parameters are continuously monitored using various sensors to ensure optimal performance and prevent failures. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based prototype for monitoring and controlling an induction motor intended for electric-vehicle-related operation. The system integrates voltage, current, temperature, vibration, and speed sensing with an Arduino Uno, an ESP32-WROOM module, GSM communication, a PWM triac drive, and automatic motor disconnection. Sensor data are transmitted for remote observation, while abnormal operating conditions trigger warning functions and disconnection of the motor from the supply. The prototype also enables motor-speed control and graphical presentation of monitored parameters. Performance was evaluated under three operating conditions: Speed 1 (1800–2500 rpm), Speed 2 (2600–3500 rpm), and the motor-off state. At Speed 1, reported measurements included 2141 rpm with 314 mA, 216 V, temperature 32, and vibration 0, and 2215 rpm with 364 mA, 216 V, temperature 36, and vibration 0. At Speed 2, reported values included 2633 rpm with 235 mA and 214 V, and 3059 rpm with 230 mA and 215 V, with temperature 32 and vibration 0 in both cases. When the motor was switched off, its speed decreased to zero. Within the tested conditions, the prototype demonstrates integrated sensing, remote monitoring, speed control, fault notification, and automatic disconnection in a single induction-motor monitoring arrangement.
Keywords: Electric vehicle, Arduino, ESP32-WROOM, internet of things, web sensor controller