Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 8

With the advancements in sequencing technology and bioinformatics, it is exciting to investigate the function and importance of different types of molecules, such as circular RNAs, which govern numerous biological functions.  India is the leading country in the promotion of biosciences, accelerating the pace of development in biotechnology in broad areas of agriculture, health care, animal sciences and environment. Worldwide, in food production, enormous challenges exist in agriculture and allied sciences to meet the growing demand for food for around 9 billion world’s population. This review highlights modern genetic and biotechnological approaches in sustainable aquaculture. Extensive reviews were made to understand fish biotechnology and aquatic sciences research practised in India and various parts of the country globally known. Fish biotechnology applications in genetic modification leading to productivity, marketability and customer acceptability.  The deficit in world food production can be met with alternative food resources to feed the billion mouths. While considering aquatic resources, the cultivated seafood production system emerged as an alternative source of smart protein in the food production system, with quality fish production. Considering the advancements in aquatic food production system genetic application in fisheries and aquaculture, India plays a vital role in the blue revolution mission.  The success has been achieved in the fish breeding programme by selecting healthy and genetically superior broodstocks based on desirable traits such as growth rate, disease resistance, and fecundity. The induced breeding with the use of hormones or other techniques leads to breeding the fish successfully. The success of gene transfer improved the economically important species, helping in producing fast-growing individuals with the introduction of foreign growth hormone genes in modified fish. The work on chromosome manipulation and gene transfer research witnessed big success in tissue culture system and production of   new genetic material. Promotion of fish research on aquatic organisms is likely to switch over to the commercial production of more valuable species. In the improvement of fish, the use of synthetic hormones in fish breeding, production of monosex, uniparental and polyploidy individuals used to produce triploids, tetraploids, haploids, gynogenic and androgenic using molecular biology and fish transgenics. The genetic engineering techniques lead to transgenic fish with high productivity and profitability. India is making accelerated developments in aquaculture and sustainability improvement. The biotechnological interventions empower aquaculture stakeholders to accelerate genetic progress, optimise production traits, and ensure long-term sustainability. Ultimately, the integration of genetic engineering and molecular biology in aquaculture enhances production efficiency, strengthens husbandry practices, and improves the overall performance of cultured species.