Evaluating the Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KSFY07 on Thrombosis
Pan Wang
Department of Traumatology, Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China.
Fang Tan
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
Jianfei Mu
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
Hongjiang Chen
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
Xin Zhao *
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
Yanan Xu *
Department of Traumatology, Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Thrombosis is a great threat to human health that has attracted increasing attention. Inflammation induces thrombosis, which further exacerbates inflammatory development, thus representing a vicious cycle called a thrombotic inflammatory response. This study established a murine thrombosis model using κ-carrageenan to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KSFY07 (LDSB-KSFY07) on thrombus formation and oxidative stress. Serum and liver tissue parameters, as well as intestinal microbiota composition, were assessed through biochemical assays, histopathological observation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and faecal microbial analysis. The results demonstrated that LDSB-KSFY07 significantly alleviated tail blackening in thrombotic mice, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and shortened thrombin time (TT), while reducing levels of fibrinogen (FIB) and prothrombin time (PT). Furthermore, LDSB-KSFY07 decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in both serum and liver tissues of thrombotic mice. Histopathological examination revealed that LDSB-KSFY07 ameliorated liver tissue injury and reduced tail vein thrombus formation. At the molecular level, LDSB-KSFY07 up-regulated the mRNA expression of copper/zinc‑SOD (Cu/Zn‑SOD), manganese‑SOD (Mn‑SOD), and GSH‑Px in liver tissues. In contrast, it down-regulated the expression of NF‑κB p65, intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 (ICAM‑1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1), and E-selectin in tail vein vascular tissues. Additionally, LDSB-KSFY07 increased plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and decreased tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression in cardiac and tail vein tissues. Faecal microbial analysis indicated that LDSB-KSFY07 modulated the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the proportion of Firmicutes. In summary, LDSB-KSFY07 exhibited notable antithrombotic and antioxidant effects in this model, with higher concentrations showing efficacy comparable to that of heparin. These findings suggest its potential as a probiotic candidate for mitigating thrombosis and associated oxidative damage.
Keywords: Thrombosis, oxidative damage, human health, liver tissue, Inflammation