The Effects of Lead Exposure on Pediatric Oral Health
Tannu Kumari *
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Pradeep Tangade
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Vikas Singh
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ankita Jain
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Swayam Sourav Tripathy
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Lead exposure is a major environmental concern with significant implications for pediatric oral health. This chapter reviews sources of exposure, mechanisms of toxicity, and oral manifestations such as enamel hypoplasia, caries, periodontal changes, and Burton’s line. Diagnostic approaches and preventive strategies are discussed, emphasising the role of pediatric dentists in screening and education. Future directions highlight advanced diagnostic tools, public health interventions, and policy actions needed to reduce risks and protect children worldwide.
Keywords: Lead exposure, pediatric oral health, enamel hypoplasia, oral microbiome