Alveolar Bone Remodeling
Dr. Jayachandiran.M
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.
Dr. Saravana Kumar.R
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.
Dr. Pratebha.B
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.
Dr. Sakthi Devi.S *
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.
Dr. Kurinchichelvan.R
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed - to - be - University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry – 607402, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Alveolar bone remodeling is a dynamic and continuous process involving bone resorption and formation, essential for preserving oral health, maintaining structural integrity, and supporting functional dentition. This adaptive mechanism enables the alveolar bone to respond to mechanical stimuli such as mastication and orthodontic forces, playing a critical role in both periodontal maintenance and orthodontic therapy. The remodeling process is governed by a coordinated interplay of cellular, molecular, and systemic factors. Osteoclasts facilitate bone resorption, while osteoblasts are responsible for new bone formation. Osteocytes, which are mature osteoblasts embedded within the bone matrix, act as mechanosensors and help regulate bone turnover in response to mechanical stress. Central to this regulatory network is the RANKL–OPG (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand – Osteoprotegerin) signaling pathway, which modulates the balance between resorption and formation. Recent advances in alveolar bone regeneration have been made possible by recent developments in regenerative treatment, including the use of growth factors (e.g., BMPs, PDGF), stem cell-based techniques, and biomimetic scaffolds. In order to improve the results of periodontal therapy, orthodontics, and implant dentistry, these treatments seek to restore bone volume and architecture in areas that have been weakened by illness, trauma, or tooth loss. A deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in bone remodeling, combined with the integration of regenerative strategies, holds significant promise for promoting bone health, preserving tooth stability, and enhancing long-term clinical outcomes.
Keywords: Alveolar bone remodelling, RANKL, OPG, regenerative therapy, periodontal health, orthodontics